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Daily Blog #286: Saturday Reading 4/5/14

Saturday Reading by David Cowen - Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics Blog


Hello Reader,
                 It's Saturday! After another long week on the DFIR road I hope your canceled flights get you home on time and with good in flight wifi. It's time for more links to make you think with in this week's Saturday Reading.

1. We had a fun forensic lunch this week! This week we had:
Dave Hull from Microsoft, you can follow Dave on Twitter @davehull , his blog http://trustedsignal.blogspot.com/ and on github https://github.com/davehull.
You should come to the SANS DFIR Summit and see him there as well!

Vico Marizale or Joe Sylve from 504ensics came back for their 3rd week of commitment! @vicomarziale and @jsylve. You should get involved with their new registry timestamp project by emailing them info@504labs.com to get their tool and start helping to discover unknown registry timestamps!

If you are not going to ADUC or CEIC you should also consider going to B-Sides NOLA, learn more about it here: 
http://www.securitybsides.com/w/page/71231585/BsidesNola2014

Watch the forensic lunch here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Knr_rdLbgk0

2.  Harlan has a new blog post this week with an update on what he's up to , where he's going to be speaking,an update on the 4th edition of WFA, regripper and some research he's found interesting, http://windowsir.blogspot.com/2014/04/whats-up.html

3. Yogesh Khatri has a new blog post up on the return of thumbcache.db files in Windows 8, http://www.swiftforensics.com/2014/04/windows-8-thumbsdb-files-still-same-and.html. Windows 8 systems are coming to an examination near you so start catching up!

4. Lee Whitfield has posted a blog explaining who all of the nominee's of Forensic 4cast awards are this year, http://forensic4cast.com/2014/04/2014-forensic-4cast-awards-meet-the-nominees/. I'm there twice!

5. Are you a Linux person who wishes they could run RegRipper without wine? Wish no more as Willi Ballenthin has figured out how to do it, for Debian atleast http://www.williballenthin.com/blog/2014/04/02/regripper-on-linux/

6. Yogesh Khatri has been busy this week, he has a second post up on Windows 8 search history forensics, http://www.swiftforensics.com/2014/04/search-history-on-windows-8-and-81.html

7. Anuj Soni has a new post on the SANS DFIR Blog, http://digital-forensics.sans.org/blog/2014/03/31/the-importance-of-command-and-control-analysis-for-incident-response. He explains the value and importance of C2 analysis in your malware investigations.

8. In what Dan Pullega calls a forensic quickie, which is a long post for anyone else!, he explains the value of source code analysis in your dynamic analysis http://www.4n6k.com/2014/03/forensics-quickie-verifying-program.html

That's a pretty great week of new posts, get to reading!

Also Read: Daily Blog #285 

Daily Blog #285: Forensic Lunch 4/4/14 - Discussion with Dave Hull and Joe Sylve



Hello Reader,
    What a great Forensic Lunch we had this week!

This week we had:
Dave Hull from Microsoft, you can follow Dave on Twitter @davehull , his blog http://trustedsignal.blogspot.com/ and on github https://github.com/davehull.
You should come to the SANS DFIR Summit and see him there as well!

Vico Marizale or Joe Sylve from 504ensics came back for their 3rd week of commitment! @vicomarziale and @jsylve. You should get involved with their new registry timestamp project by emailing them info@504labs.com to get their tool and start helping to discover unknown registry timestamps!

If you are not going to ADUC or CEIC you should also consider going to B-Sides NOLA, learn more about it here: 
http://www.securitybsides.com/w/page/71231585/BsidesNola2014

Watch it below, or click on the video to watch it on Youtube:


Also Read: Daily Blog #284

Daily Blog #284: SANS Webcast

SANS Webcast by David Cowen - Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics Blog

Hello Reader,
            I'll be doing a SANS Webcast Tuesday April 8th at 1PM EST / 12:00PM CST on my talk for the SANS DFIR Summit 'best finds of 2014'. Tune in to get a preview and your chance to ask me questions! For information about the SANS DFIR Summit, click here!

Register for the webcast here:
https://www.sans.org/webcasts/finds-dfir-2014-97965

Also Read: Daily Blog #283

Daily Blog #283: Forensic 4cast voting

Forensic 4cast voting by David Cowen - Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics Blog

Thank You Reader!,
        Due to your kind nominations this blog and the new book are up for Forensic 4cast awards! Just being nominated is awesome and very motivating. It's not a secret that we as a community are not very prone to feedback, so when you do hear from someone in the form of an email/comment or nomination it helps you know that someone out there is reading. Sure I can check my web stats and see how many views a blog post gets, but actually getting some kind of response really is appreciated!

This year I've been nominated for:
  • Digital Forensic Blog of the Year and
  • Digital Forensic Book of the Year 
Please go vote for those you feel most deserve your vote, whether you think its me or someone else as there are several categories to vote on. Winning an award is well, great! I have the Forensic 4cast award I won last year for 'Digital Forensic Article of the Year' in my display case. Not only does it look really neat, seriously its really cool, it helps motivate me to keep researching and sharing with the larger community. So please vote and let your voice be hard!

You can vote here: http://forensic4cast.com/forensic-4cast-awards/

Also Read: Daily Blog #282

Daily Blog #282: April Fools Day

April Fools Day by David Cowen - Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics Blog

Hello Reader,
          I'm normally adverse to April Fools day tricks as they can quickly turn the wrong way on you. Today though I got the opportunity to put out an April fools day document that was actually DFIR related!

I present to you the Verizon DBIR Report for 2014 (April Fool's Edition), I hope you enjoy it!
http://threatverti.ca/pubs/2014dbir.pdf

Also Read: Daily Blog #281

Daily Blog #281: Sunday Funday Winner 3/30/14

Sunday Funday Winner by David Cowen - Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics Blog

Hello Reader,
          This week's sunday funday challenge was an interesting experiment for me. I think most of us are using at least one if not all three of these tools so I thought the common knowledge would be there to allow most of you a shot at this. What I didn't expect was the level of depth the answers went to in responding!

The Challenge:

Compare the following registry forensic tools; Registry Decoder, RegRipper and Yaru and document the following:
1. What do they do differently
2. What approach do they take to registry analysis

The Winning Answer:
 Harlan Carvey
None of the tools perform analysis, per se.  While each tool provides some means for allowing data to be accessed and searched, it is still up to the analyst to actually interpret the data within the context of their examination goals.

-- Yaru --
Yaru is a GUI-based Registry browsing tool from TZWorks.net, and runs on 32- and 64-bit Windows and Linux, and on 64-bit MacOSX.   On Windows, Yaru can snapshot the hives on a running system and allow the analyst to examine them.

Yaru will index a hive, allowing the analyst to see deleted keys and values, as well as unallocated space within the hive file itself.  It will also show cell slack space, as well.  Yaru also allows the analyst to run a "cmd" file (which is apparently a "user defined template"), generate some simple reports, extract password hashes (with the proper
hives loaded, of course).

For analysts used to using tools such as the native RegEdit, and MiTeC's WRR, the interface can take some getting used to.  When a key is clicked on, the content view visible in the right-hand pane is different from what one may be used to.  The key LastWrite time, for example, is referred to as "Timestamp", and is displayed along
with the owner and group SIDs, the key DACL, and the values along with their type and data.

Via the Options menu option, an analyst can search either the allocated or unallocated space, for strings, patterns,etc.

Unlike MiTeC's WRR, Yaru is capable of parsing "big data", that is, value data that is larger than 2K - 3K in size.  A different data structure is used for this type of value data.  However, at the moment, it appears that the only value that uses this data type is the AppCompatCache value.

-- Registry Decoder --
I had not used Registry Decoder until today, and I started with the Google Code site.  I found that most of the links to information about the tool at the digitalforensicssolutions.com site are broken; that is, most of the pages no longer exist.

According to the FAQ at the Google Code site, Registry Decoder appears to have a number of capabilities. The tool consists of two components, one for accessing a live or "online" system, and another for accessing acquired images (physical or logical/partition), including split and .E0x format images.

Registry Decoder provides the analyst with the ability to browse and search loaded hives, perform hive 'diffs',  timelining, and it can generate reports, in PDF, HTML, CSV, and XLS formats.

Registry Decoder also includes case management capabilities, in that when launched, it asks the analyst if they want to create a new case, or open an existing case.  Once the case is loaded and "evidence" can be accessed, the analyst can run a number of plugins (most seem to apparently be replicated from RegRipper plugins).  The plugins
do not appear to be open source, but instead appear to be contained in the executable file itself.  When a plugin is run, the results are presented in a tab in the GUI, and reports can be generated from there.

Registry Decoder appears to have last been updated on 25 Sept 2012.

-- RegRipper --
RegRipper is completely open source; downloading the .zip archive includes not only the Windows EXE and DLL files necessary to run the RegRipper GUI, as well as the companion rip.pl/.exe command line tool, but the source .pl files for both, as well.  The command line component of RegRipper can be run on Linux and MacOSX systems,
albeit with minor modifications to the code that is currently publicly available to address path issues (fix will be included in the next release).  In fact, RegRipper has been incorporated into several Linux-based DFIR CDs, to include SANS SIFT.

RegRipper is not a viewer tool, nor was it intended to be.  It is a tool for running specific plugins against hive files in order to extract and if necessary, decode, information from specific keys and values within the hive.  RegRipper was designed to work against individual hive files, which can be selected through the RegRipper GUI.  Users will
also select a 'profile' (group of plugins) to run against a hive file, and the report (as well as a log of activity) is generated in text format, so that it can be easily searched.  Hives can be accessed on remote systems via the use of tools such as F-Response, and hives within VSCs can be accessed once the VSC itself has been exposed
via some other means.  RegRipper ships with a number of default 'profiles', one for each hive type; however, the profiles themselves are open source, and analysts can create their own, specific profiles.  The CLI RegRipper component, rip, allows the analyst to run either profiles or individual plugins against hive files, and can be incorporated
into batch files for more automated processing (i.e., Corey Harrell's auto_rip tool).

As RegRipper plugins are open source, they can be created or modified as the analyst deems necessary.  Plugins can extract and parse/decode specific keys and values, and can even correlate data from multiple locations within the same hive file.  Several plugins have been modified to return TLN format output, and anyone can modify
plugins to output in any format that they wish.

Something that has been incorporated into several of the RegRipper plugins is the ability to generate alerts based on defined variances in data.  For example, if a path listed in the data for a value beneath the Run key contains "temp", such as "..\Windows\Temp\.." or "Temporary Internet Files", an alert can be generated.  This capability allows the analyst to set conditions within the plugins to highlight anomalies so that items that may be of particular interest are separated in some way from the rest of the available data.

RegRipper's plugins obviate the need for analysts to memorize key and value paths, retaining intelligence from  previous examinations, and even from other analysts. Viewing tools require the analyst to memorize and navigate through paths, and do not alert the analyst when a system has redirected paths (i.e., Wow6432Node).

RegRipper plugins can be grouped in any way the analyst deems fit, such as specific subsets of plugins for parsing USB device information, as well as using artifact categories (i.e., program execution, auto-start, user activity, file access, networking, system config, etc.).

RegRipper does not do anything to access unallocated space within the hive files, so it does not locate deleted keys and values, nor does it allow an analyst to search unallocated space within the hive file.

While RegRipper functionality does not include a 'diff' capability, any diff utility can be used to compare plugin output between successive runs.

RegRipper, and in particular rip.pl, is a great tool when used by researchers, as it not only exposes the code used to perform various functions, such as decoding shell items, etc., but it also exposes the code used in translating time stamps from within the Registry value data.  It also includes code for dumping arbitrary binary data in hex dump format, making it easier for researchers to develop new plugins and new ways of parsing or presenting data.

RegRipper is unique amongst the presented tools, in that it makes no attempt to present the Registry in its entirety to the analyst.  Rather, RegRipper is intended to provide a facility for sharing IOCs and other previous findings, not only between cases for analyst, but also between analysts.  RegRipper's open source plugin architecture allows analysts
to create and modify plugins to meet their specific needs, as well as to share plugins with other analysts.

Also Read: Daily Blog #280

Daily Blog #280: Sunday Funday 3/30/14 - Registry Forensics Tools Challenge

Registry Forensics Tools Challenge by David Cowen - Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics Blog

Hello Reader,
          It's Sunday Funday time! Let's see if you are up for this weeks challenge. If you watched the forensic lunch on Friday you would have heard Vico Marziale talk about registry decoder. Let's see how well you know your registry forensic tools in this weeks challenge.

The Prize:

A $200 Amazon Gift Card

The Rules:
  1. You must post your answer before Monday 3/31/14 8AM CST (GMT -5)
  2. The most complete answer wins
  3. You are allowed to edit your answer after posting
  4. If two answers are too similar for one to win, the one with the earlier posting time wins
  5. Be specific and be thoughtful 
  6. Anonymous entries are allowed, please email them to dcowen@g-cpartners.com. Please state in your email if you would like to be anonymous or not if you win.
  7. In order for an anonymous winner to receive a prize they must give their name to me, but i will not release it in a blog post

The Challenge:
Compare the following registry forensic tools; Registry Decoder, RegRipper and Yaru and document the following:
1. What do they do differently
2. What approach do they take to registry analysis

Also Read: Daily Blog #279

Daily Blog #279: Saturday Reading 3/29/14

Saturday Reading by David Cowen - Hacking Exposed Computer Forensics Blog

Hello Reader,
        Another week has come and gone. I hope it was filled with factual revelations and case breaking moments. It's time to get ready for next week and all the new artifacts and DFIR knowledge that awaits you in this weeks Saturday Reading.

1. We had an unusual Forensic Lunch this week but still chock full of great DFIR information. This week we had:

Vico Marziale, @vicomarziale, from 504ensics, discussing their memory differencing project amongst other topics

Lee Whitfield, @lee_whitfield, discussing the upcoming deadline for Forensic 4cast award nominations and the trouble with time machines

You can watch it here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fyDPxUXS1FQ&list=UUZ7mQV3j4GNX-LU1IKPVQZg

2.  Harlan has a new blog post up this week on why he writes DFIR books, I have similar reasons to Harlan and found it a great read, http://windowsir.blogspot.com/2014/03/writing-dfir-books_28.html

3. Harlan put up a second post this week advocating for why you should learn how to program if you plan to excel in DFIR something I absolutely agree with, http://windowsir.blogspot.com/2014/03/coding-for-digital-forensic-analysis.html

4. Corey Harrell has a new post up this week talking about yet another program execution artifact. This one covers a new event log that also tracks program execution related to the application compatibility artifacts he's been blogging about, http://journeyintoir.blogspot.com/2014/03/exploring-program-inventory-event-log.html

5. SANS has a new post up on their computer forensics blog with a link to download their know DFIR poster, http://digital-forensics.sans.org/blog/2014/03/26/finding-evil-on-windows-systems-sans-dfir-poster-release. The poster gives a great set of reference knowledge on 'knowing normal' to find evil.

6. Lenny Zelster has put up a series of introductory videos to malware analysis, great watching http://blog.zeltser.com/post/80874760857/introductory-malware-analysis-webcasts

7. Brian Moran has been updating and working on his live response scripts that he's been giving away. In this post Brian goes into how to detect the JackPOS malware using the data collected by his response script http://brimorlabs.blogspot.com/2014/03/windows-live-response-collection-vs.html

That's all for this week, make sure to come back tomorrow for another Sunday Funday challenge!

Also Read: Daily Blog #278